GERMANY

1918-1923

Social Democrats
Friedrich Ebert

The first German chancellor who improved conditions greatly. Became a November criminal for accepting the Diktat. In August 1919 became president.

Philip Schiedemann

Joint leader of the party. Became chancellor after Ebert's successful but criticized period in office. 

Gustav  Stressemen

The very succesful German foreign minister who decreased the amount of reparations very successfully.  Called for passive resistance in the Rhur and increased Germany's international respect. Later became chancellor of another party. 

Spartacists
Rosa Luxembourg- Joint leader of the Spartacist League. Many historians now consider her to be ... the greatest or most influential socialist of something
Karl Liebknecht-Joint leader of the Spartacist league.
Communists
Vladmir Lenin

Played no physical part in Germany between 1918-1923 however had set up a communist soviet in Russia. This and the Comintern (the communist international) set up by Lenin encouraged communists everywhere to set up soviets. Influenced Rosa and Karl Luxembourg.

 

Karl Marx

The Great socialist idealist. A German who came up with the idea of equality through communism. 

Other Party leaders
Hugo Hasse

Independent social democrat party. Chose to co-opoerate with Ebert until a republic was founded. Believed in democracy. Supported by middle class. Never became chancellor and never gained majority in Reichstag. Gained increase in popularity in 1920 then party seemed to disintegrate. 

 

Adolf Hitler

leader of the Nationla Socialist German Workers' party (NAtionalsoZIalistiche) It grew from a very small party during this period from 3,000 members to 50,000. It created its own force called Stormtroopers and organized The Munich Beer Hall Putsch which failed. Hitler was sent to prison, sixteen Nazis were shot and the pazrty was banned. Later became chancellor in 1932 and then ended democracy.

 

Other
Kaiser Wilhelm II

The German Kaiser (emperor) who abdicated in 1918 and fled to Denmark. The Grandson of Queen Victoria of the British Empire, cousin of George V, contemporary monarch of Britain, and of Tsar Nicholas II of Russia who was killed in 1917. During his reign this energetic and athletic man was popular.