By Jacob de Graaf   

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1923

Versailles

In January, French and Belgium troops enter the Ruhr to take goods from Germany to maintain reparation payments. The German workers come out on strike and refuse to co-operate with the French.

Economic

The German government could not pay so printed more banknotes. The worth of a mark decreased due to extra banknotes. The government therefore printed more banknotes so the unemployed were getting enough, which led to hyperinflation.

Here is an table of how much the German bread costs in 1923

Months

Price of Bread in German marks

January

250.00
June 3,465.00
September 1,512,000.00
November 201,000,000,000.00

Hyperinflation affected nearly everybody in Germany. It affected them by forcing up the prices of essential goods.

The price is in German marks

Item 1913 Summer 1923 November 1923
I kg loaf of bread 0.29 1,200 428,000,000,000
1 egg 0.08 5,000 80,000,000,000
I kg of butter 2.70 26,000 6,000,000,000,000
1 kg of beef 1.75 18,800 5.600,000,000,000
1 pair of shoes 12.00 1,000,000 32,000,000,000,000

September, Stresemann calls of passive resistance in the Rhur.

November, New currency introduced: the Rentenmark.

Political

The German economy collapsed in 1923. Chaos followed. Socialist and communists took over Saxony and Thuringia. Workers in Hamburg seized control of working-class districts. In the Rhineland, several groups tried to break away from Germany to form independant states.In the east, troops known as the Black Reichwehr seized the town Kustrin.In Munich, the National Socialist, or 'Nazi', Party tried to start a so-called 'National Revolution.

On 9th January 1923, the invasion of about 60,000 French and Belgium soldiers took control of ever mine, factory, steelworks, and railway in the region. They took food supplies from shops. They set up machine-gun posts in the streets.

In September, Passive resistance was called off and the French returned home after killing so many Germans and getting no result.

Versailles
Economic
Political